All About the British Princess Who Defied Her Father

Known for: her second marriage in which Joan rebelled against protocol and expectations; supposed miracles at her grave Occupation: British princess; countess of Hertford and Gloucester Dates: April 1272 - April 23, 1307 Also known as: Joanna Background and Family Mother: Eleanor of Castile, Countess of Ponthieu in her own rightFather: Edward I of England (ruled 1272-1307)Siblings: sixteen full siblings (of whom five survived to adulthood), at least three half-siblingsJoan was descended on both sides from King John of England; on her mothers side, through Johns daughter Eleanor of England.Husband: Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 5th Earl of Hertford (married April 30, 1290, died 1295)children: Gilbert de Clare, Eleanor de Clare, Margaret de Clare, Elizabeth de ClareHusband: Sir Ralph de Monthermer (married 1297)children: Mary de Monthermer, Joan de Monthermer, Thomas de Monthermer, Edward de Monthermer Birth and Early Life Joan was born the seventh of her parents fourteen children, but only one older sister (Eleanor) was still alive at the time of Joans birth. Four of her younger siblings and one younger half-sibling also died in infancy or childhood. Her younger brother, Edward, born 12 years after Joan, became king as Edward II. Joan of Acre was called by that name because she was born while her parents were in Acre at the end of the Ninth Crusade, during the year before Edward returned to England to be crowned as Edward I on his fathers death. A sister, Juliana, had been born and died the year before at Acre. After Joans birth, her parents left the child for a time in France with Eleanors mother, Joan of Dammartin, who was the Countess of Pointhieu and widow of Ferdinand III of Castile. The little girls grandmother and a local bishop were responsible during those four years for her upbringing. First Marriage Joans father Edward began to consider marriage possibilities for his daughter while she was still very young, as was common for royal families. He settled on the son of Germanys King Rudolph I, a boy named Hartman. Joan was five years old when her father called her home so that she could meet her future husband. But Hartman died before he could come to England or marry Joan. Conflicting reports at the time had him dying in a skating accident or drowning in a boat accident. Edward finally arranged for Joan to marry a British nobleman, Gilbert de Clare, who was the Earl of Gloucester. Joan was twelve and Edward in his early 40s when the arrangements were made. Gilberts previous marriage ended in 1285, and it took another four years to get dispensation from the Pope for Gilbert and Joan to marry. They were married in 1290. Edward struck a hard bargain and got de Clare to agree to a large dower for Joan, with his lands held jointly with Joan during their marriage. Joan gave birth to four children before Gilbert died in 1295. Second Marriage Still a young woman, and one controlling quite a lot of valuable property, Joans future was being planned by her father again, as he sought out a suitable husband. Edward decided on the Count of Savoy, Amadeus V. But Joan was already secretly married by then, and likely quite fearful of her fathers reaction. She had fallen in love with one of her first husbands squires, Ralph de Monthermer, and had urged her father to knight him. A member of the royal family marrying someone of such a level was simply unacceptable. First Edward found out about the relationship itself, not knowing it had already progressed to marriage. Edward took possession of Joans lands that she had as dower from her first marriage. Finally, Joan told her father that she was already married. His reaction: to imprison Sir Ralph. By this time, Joan was noticeably pregnant. She wrote her father a letter which contained words that have come down to us as an early statement protesting the double standard: It is not considered ignominious, nor disgraceful for a great earl to take a poor and mean woman to wife; neither, on the other hand, is it worthy of blame, or too difficult a thing for a countess to promote to honor a gallant youth. Edward gave in to his daughter, releasing her husband in August of 1297. He was given her first husbands titles -- though at his death they went to a son of her first husband, not one of Ralphs sons. And while Edward I accepted the marriage and Monthermer became part of the kings circle, Edwards relationship with Joan was cooler than it was towards her siblings. Joan was also close to her brother, Edward II, though she died earlier in the year he became king, and so was not around through his more scandalous escapades. She did support him through an earlier episode when Edward I took away his royal seal. Death History does not record Joans cause of death. It may have been related to childbirth. With Joan and then Edward I dead, Edward II took the title Earl of Gloucester from her second husband and gave it to her son by her first husband. While we dont know her cause of death, we do know that after her death, she was laid to rest at a priory in Clare, established by her first husbands ancestors and to which she had been a benefactor. In the 15th century, a writer reported that her daughter, Elizabeth de Burgh, had her mother disinterred and inspected the body, found to be intact, a condition connected with sainthood. Other writers reported miracles at her burial site. Â  She was never beatified or canonized.

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Essay about Home Schooling vs Public Schooling Which One...

Home Schooling vs. Public Schools: Which One is Better? Thesis Statement: Many parents question what is best for their child’s education, home schooling or public school. Home schooling can sometimes provide a more direct and focused education than public schools, Public School is better in many ways including the child’s social development. I. Home Schooling vs. Public Schooling II. The Pros and Cons of Home Schooling A. Home schooling can benefit both students and parents by providing individual attention. B. Home schooling gives parents a sense of security. C. Home schooling puts financial strain on parents. D. Home schooling can cause slower social development. III. The Pros and Cons of Public Schooling†¦show more content†¦Students that attend home school are less likely to be stressed out because of school work, and less likely to be a victim of peer pressure. Though there are a lot of benefits and advantages to being home schooled, there are also many disadvantages. Home schooling takes a lot of time to plan, and it can be hard on the parents to balance schooling with other home duties. Though home schooling allows parents to pick the time that the schooling will take place, it is a full-time job for one parent. One major disadvantage of home schooling is that it requires the parents to pay for everything with their own finances, this can cause financial pressure on the family. Only one parent would be able to have a full time job and they will have to pay for books and other reading material with their own money. Even if they choose to have a teacher come into their home to do the schooling, it would still require them to pay him/her for their services. Another major disadvantage that home schooling has on children is that it can cause slower social development for the children. Many children that are home schooled have a hard time working with teams and being in a large group of people because they are used to being the only, or one of just a few students in a class. Children that are home schooled may have a hard time dealing with peer pressure because they will try harderShow MoreRelatedFrom the Comfort of Your Own School1622 Words   |  7 Pagesit seems that they are always the ones to win the spelling bees. They make other high school kids look E-L-E-M-E-N-T-A-R-Y. These students succeed because they were exposed to a better learning environment, were able to progress at their own pace, and had the freedom to choose their own studies. These kids are home schooled kids, and their style of education is more beneficial than public schooling. Home schooling is an educational system based at the home. 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Parent control/choice has slowly regressed from the colonial era where they could choose not only the school their child attended but also the textbooks used and the curriculum taught (McDonald 2001). Parents still obtain the right to choose the school that best tailors their child’s special uniquenessRead MoreMoney Has A Huge Impact On Societal Change And Progress1541 Words   |  7 PagesFirst and foremost, money had a huge impact on societal change and progress. If parents were wealthy, they had the option to send their kids back home to get a â€Å"proper† education, while some middle class parents could provide tutors for their kids; however many parents could not afford them. The lower class really didn’t get the opportunity to provide even the most basic education to their children. Homeschooling was an option, but many pa rents did not have enough education themselves let alone havingRead MoreChecklist for Effective Reading Instruction1685 Words   |  7 Pagesfacilities, educational programs, curriculum, instruction materials, assessment and evaluation materials no matter what their national origin, race, gender, sexual orientation, disabilities, first language, or other distinguishing characteristic. The public schooling is often regarded as â€Å"the great equalizer† in the American society. For many years, American students supposedly have had an equal opportunity to master the three Rs: reading, writing, and arithmetic. Therefore, it is assumed that any student

Influence Of The Human Development Across The Life Span

Through this course, we have learned that there are many factors which can influence the human development across the life-span. Some of these factors include the art of outdoor play when we are children and the concept of religion versus spirituality as we enter young adulthood. Though these are great factors to discuss, for my paper, I chose to discuss factors contributing to the last few stages of the life-span where individuals start to need more assistance. These factors include government provided funds for the elderly, the act of caregiving, and the idea of curing old age. For this assignment I chose the following news article: â€Å"White House Vows Fight Against Alzheimer’s, Better Nursing Homes.† This article outlines the problem we, as a country, are facing when providing for our elderly. It goes on to describe the increasing numbers of those over sixty-five, the baby boomer population, and how this increase could affect our economy. It is suggested that as t he number of senior citizens increase, the number of those supported by the government will also increase. The article then proceeds to discuss the way our aging society will affect governmental programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, and how these programs will be affected financially. Not only does this article assert that our nations expenses will rise, but it also describes that the need for health providers and caregivers will continue to rise as well. Because of this newfound need of assistance, theShow MoreRelatedLife Span Development1429 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The goal of the life span perspective of development is to understand how and why all different kinds of people, everywhere, and of every age, change over time (Berger, 2011). Developmental psychologists study the constant changes we experience throughout life, including physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. 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This essay aims to show the importance of the life-span approach by analysing some of the concepts that make up this approach, such as mult i-directionality historical location and contexualism among others. This essay will critically analyse some of the assumptions of the life-span approach. It will also examine argumentsRead MoreCareer Development981 Words   |  4 PagesCOMMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT. EXPLAIN THE VIEW THAT ‘THE IMPORTANCE OF WORK VALUES CONSTITUTES LINKING GOALS, PROVIDING INFORMATION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL SAVVY. Developmental Theory by Donald Super. The developmental theory of career development was founded by Donald Super (1957) and other theorists who recognizes the changes that people go through as they mature. It focuses on human development across a person’s life. According to Donald, career patterns are

Health Care Quality Access in Contemporary Australian Society

Question: Discuss about the Health Care Quality Access in Contemporary Australian Society. Answer: Australia is regarded as one of the best nations that offer high-quality health care for its citizens as well as tourists. According to the World Health Organization report of 2017, Australias health index is rated between good and excellent (Biggs, 2013). Regardless, the journey towards achieving the objectives of becoming one of the best in the provision of healthcare has not been a smooth one. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to delineate on two key influences that have helped shape the health care system in Australia with emphasis on service delivery model and provider network. Service Delivery Model Under the Australian government, there is a sophisticated health service package that encompasses a diversity in funding, administration as well as regulatory mechanisms. In addition, the services are offered by a number of echelons of government counting federal, municipal and local administrations in addition to the private and non-profit organizations (Mossialos, Wenzl, Osborn, Sarnak, 2016). Within each organization, some differential tasks and responsibilities are handed to them to achieve their mandates. For instance, according to the federal government, the primary responsibilities is the initiation of a national health care payment incentives for its citizens (Wakerman et al., 2017). Adopted as Medicare, the aim is to make health care reasonably priced through the fee or exceedingly funded health care and as such, access to all Australians including those unable to pay for the medical services. The health care system under its service delivery model, the Australian government, has insured care for its people under two facets: primary care and acute care. Primary responsibility is considered to be the first level of contact with the healthcare system. In most cases, it is provided to the community by general practitioners who are either self-employed or employed by the federal government. The role of the general practitioners is to act as gatekeepers by referring patients to other specialists within the medical field. For instance, under the Medicare scheme, there is an insurance plan to provide either free or subsidized doles for therapeutic and diagnostic and allied health services (Perkins et al., 2015). The other facet is the acute care. Acute care is provided either n private or in public hospitals. One of the recommendations that have brought influence to the contemporary community of Australia is the sanctioning of acute care in public hospitals. Within this, a range of free or subsidized community health services such as vaccination and psychological health facilities are provided to the public health facilities (Brownson, Colditz, Proctor, 2017). Another recommendation that has been adopted by the federal government is the subsidized aged services. In this model, the residential elderly care is provided by a mix of non profit making, private as well as public institutions. More elaborately, within the service delivery model, pharmacies are required to adhere to the strict code of service provision for Medicare-eligible patients. In this case, one of the strong influences is the dispense of medications by private pharmacists who are paid by the government under the Apothecary Agreement to provide medicines under the Pharmaceutical Welfares Scheme such as the scheme that provides for veterans (Brownson et al., 2017). The service delivery model as well is categorized under specific roles and responsibilities which attenuate the influences that have benefited health care delivery (Wakerman et al., 2017). Among them is the segregation of management and administration roles to the states and territories governments. In this case, the states and territories governments are tasked with ensuring the provision of the regulation, inspection, licensing and monitoring of health premises through the integration of technologically advanced monitoring systems (Mossialos et al., 2015). Congruently, the states and territories governments also provide for ambulance and emergency services such as public dental clinics and funding for community health services. As for the federal government, the role is more focused on the general provision of quality and effective health care services. They include the Medicare benefits schedule which ensures subsided access to clinically relevant medical and diagnostic as well as allied services (Agency, 2018). Moreover, the federal government is stipulated to provide a safety net for the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and the National Immunisation Program. Furthermore, the federal government is required to offer more modernized health care under its service delivery models that include regulation of private health insurers, provision for health care for the aged as well as education of healthcare professionals within the accredited or approved colleges (Brownson et al., 2017). All in all, under the service delivery system or model, the Australian community has been provided with the best regular and structured delivery of health care that is quality assured and efficient. Provider Network The Australian healthcare system is integrated within all the corners of the country ensuring that all citizens regardless of age and socioeconomic status are catered. In other words, through the provider network, there are three categories, at least, that ensure that the contemporary community of Australia receives the best and quality health care (Mossialos et al., 2015). They include health elevation and disease preclusion, primary care besides civic services in addition tertiary and secondary services (Drummond, Sculpher, Claxton, Stoddart, Torrance, 2015). Since 2012, the Federal government has made its mission to integrate all spheres of health care and to make it a priority to be congruent with the worlds vision on improving health care by 2030 (Millennial Development Goals) (Biggs, 2013). Under health care promotion and disease prevention, the mission is to ensure that all communicable diseases are under surveillance as a monitoring strategy to limit damage and spread as soon as any ailment occurs. To ensure that the community is well monitored and screened, the Communicable Diseases Network Australia is tasked with the duties of coordinating surveillance, response to outbreaks and develop policies and training protocols to medical officers on how to handle emergencies (Drummond, Sculpher, Claxton, Stoddart, Torrance, 2015). Additionally, the federal in collaboration with the states and territories governments, there is screening and immunization standards from the National Immunisation Program Schedule which ensures children and adults alike are immunized against preventable diseases (Runciman, Merry, Walton, 2017). On end on health promotion, the federal government is required to initiate as well as involve the citizens in understanding the effects of tobacco and alcohol consumption on their health through publications that insist on informing the country on the negativity of continued use of the substances (Osborn et al., 2015). They also include family health planning and mental health awareness. Likewise, the provider network entails the primary care and community services. Primary care has been at the forefront of ensuring that citizens in Australia get the best health care services in the world (Osborn et al., 2015). To do so, the Australian federal government through states and territories administration has ensured to regulate education and provision of primary care. They include setting regulations and standards for general practitioners both in private and public hospitals by stipulating education levels, grade scores and professional practice (Mossialos et al., 2016). The accreditation processes are not limited to counselors, acupuncturists, chiropractors, dentists, dieticians and nurses as well as occupational therapists. As for the community health services, the Australian government has ensured that hospitals and mental care units are well funded by the federal and states governments, especially in poor communities. Another important success that the Australian government has done for its people is the provision of Medicare locals for primary care. In this, the general practitioners provide care for the aged as well as provide allied care services for the community. Additionally, the Australian government through technological integration has ensured that indigenous communities through sanatoria, public clinics as well as Aboriginal Civic Skillful Health Amenities, as well as specific main health care, is provided using community-based settings (Runciman et al., 2017). For instance, with the Aboriginal communities, there are over one-hundred and fifty healthcare service centers provided throughout the country. Secondary and tertiary services are another provider of network services that have influenced the success of health care provision in Australia. In these strategies, the governments have designated in-patient and out-patient services (Duckett Willcox, 2015). More than seven hundred public hospitals in Australia are accredited to have both in-patient and out-patient facilities to cater for acute and primary care for the patients. Moreover, the Australian government provides for ambulance services that are fully funded and delivered in more than six states and territories. In the ambulance services, there is the inclusion of transport, acute care and coordination of emergency services (Australia Government, 2012). Finally, there is long-term and continuing care services for the aged and the disabled. Palliative care is provided under the Medicare insurance plan where 75% of the costs are guaranteed under the federal government whereas, the rest is catered for under private insurance ( Biggs, 2013). In summary, provider network and service delivery models are two key influences that have shaped the delivery of healthcare services in Australia (contemporary) ensuring that quality care is available. References Agency, D. T. (n.d.). Health. https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/health Brownson, R. C., Colditz, G. A., Proctor, E. K. (2017). Dissemination and implementation research in health: translating science to practice. Oxford University Press. Biggs, Amanda. (2017). Health in Australia: a quick guide. Retrieved from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/QG/HealthAust. Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., Torrance, G. W. (2015). Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press. Duckett, S., Willcox, S. (2015). The Australian health care system. Oxford University Press. Mossialos, E., Courtin, E., Naci, H., Benrimoj, S., Bouvy, M., Farris, K., Sketris, I. (2015). From retailers to health care providers: transforming the role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management. Health Policy, 119(5), 628639. Mossialos, E., Wenzl, M., Osborn, R., Sarnak, D. (2016). 2015 international profiles of health care systems. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Osborn, R., Moulds, D., Schneider, E. C., Doty, M. M., Squires, D., Sarnak, D. O. (2015). Primary care physicians in ten countries report challenges caring for patients with complex health needs. Health Affairs, 34(12), 21042112. Perkins, G. D., Jacobs, I. G., Nadkarni, V. M., Berg, R. A., Bhanji, F., Biarent, D., de Caen, A. R. (2015). Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome report. Resuscitation, 96, 328340. Runciman, B., Merry, A., Walton, M. (2017). Safety and ethics in healthcare: a guide to getting it right. CRC Press. Australia Government. (2012). Australia Health Service Delivery Profile. Retrieved from https://www.wpro.who.int/health_services/service_delivery_profile_australia.pdf Wakerman, J., Humphreys, J., Wells, R., Kuipers, P., Entwistle, P., Jones, J. (2017). A systematic review of primary health care delivery models in rural and remote Australia 1993-2006.

Medical Tourism in Malaysia for Foreign Patients - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMedical Tourism in Malaysia for Foreign Patients. Answer: Introduction Malaysia is world leading Medical provider serving the majority of foreign patients population on an annual basis. Social Reasons for its Existence The social reasons supporting the existence of Malaysian medical tourism are: The cost of living in Malaysia is meager as compared to other countries in the world. A foreigner can reside in Malaysia with a budget of less than $1700 within a month. Malaysia is preferred by most tourist as it has standard hospitals that offer quality treatment at a lower (Kohno and Musa 2016). Secondly, the crime rate in Malaysia is very low. Due to the low cost of living, most people are employed in various industries within Malaysia. The government has also strategies strict laws and policies to protect both citizens and foreigners; very few individuals are engaging in crime thus making Malaysia an outstanding tourist attraction for many people. Lastly, the country has friendly people that offer social support to tourist patients. For instance, the government of Malaysia advocates for quality provision of medical services to all patients by subsidizing health prices and providing advanced medical technological tools (Woodman 2009). Work Cited Kohno and Musa, G., et al., 2016. Issues in healthcare services in Malaysia as experienced by Japanese retirees. BMC health services research, 16(1), p.167. Woodman, J., 2009. Patients beyond borders: Everybody's guide to affordable, world-class medical travel. Healthy Travel Media