Shakespeare Expository Essay Essay Example

Shakespeare Expository Essay Paper Shakespeare seldom has a character in his play that is heroic without flaw, Julius Caesar. Some may argue that Brutes is the hero, or Caesar is the villain, but the truth is that no single character is 100% villain, or 100% hero. Julius Caesar is the closest thing to a hero that Rome will get, due to his generous, UN-ambitious and wise nature. Careers downfall was partly due to his ambition, although further evidence will prove this a flawed reason on behalf of the conspirators. As Marc Anthony stated sarcastically, Caesar is the furthest thing from ambitious (act 3, scene , peg 56). He denied the crown three times (act 1, scene 2, line 119-226), and trusted Brutes as an honest roman, with an honest opinion (act 3, scene 1, line 76). He had already denied the crown, but the crowd was trying to convince him otherwise. Had Brutes explained his thoughts to Caesar, Caesar most likely wouldnt have even considered taking the crown. Even if the ambition was a villainous trait, Caesar still considered a villainous. If anything, Brutes Is to be blamed for his communication error and his naive ways for the death of Caesar. Throughout Caesar life, he never exhibited any signs of ambition. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare Expository Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare Expository Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare Expository Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And other rural retreat that Caesar has, although on revealed until later, is his overwhelming generosity, Caesar, In his will, left all his money and his private garden to the citizens of Rome (act 3, scene 2, linemen-253). A typical wealthy nobleman would leave his wealth and his life earnings to pass down the family, although, Caesar Is not a typical wealthy nobleman. Caesar Is a generous leader. Bad leaders neglect the poor and commoners, and this is seen throughout history. A good leader gives the poor hope, and words of guidance, but Caesar Is even better than that. Caesar Is a great leader, who gave all his wealth to the city. Anyone that claims Caesar was greedy would be Ignorant to overlook the previous facts. Caesar was generous, making him a revolutionist emperor. Julius Caesar raised to the top by making wise decisions and this contributes to his heroism. Caesar didnt live to be the last living person In the First Triumvirate by being foolish. He paved his way to success by being wise. He pointed out that Cassias was a snake, and was not to be trusted (act 1, scene 2, line 3), and had Marc Antonym not told him otherwise, he may have acted on his Instincts. This Is an Incredible feat, considering Cassias lead Caesar to his downfall. If Careers friends had been wiser, perhaps they wouldnt have let the conspiracy happen. Caesar was a very wise leader, which Is another reason that contributes to him being the most heroic character. Julius Caesar was wise, generous, and UN-ambitious. He Is undoubtedly the closest thing to a hero that Rome had. Caesar showed he wasnt ambitious by denying the crown, that he was generous by giving his belongings to the roman citizens, and that he was wise by spotting a snake. When Caesar died, he accepted It, because Brutes killed him. Rome killed him. Caesar died not only a fearsome leader, but a hero and a martyr. He accepted death, because although unethical, thats what the noblest Roman wanted. Considered a villainous. If anything, Brutes is to be blamed for his communication on revealed until later, is his overwhelming generosity, Caesar, in his will, left all his the family, although, Caesar is not a typical wealthy nobleman. Caesar is a generous history. A good leader gives the poor hope, and words of guidance, but Caesar is even better than that. Caesar is a great leader, who gave all his wealth to the city. Anyone that claims Caesar was greedy would be ignorant to overlook the previous facts. Caesar was generous, making him a revolutionist emperor. Julius Caesar raised to live to be the last living person in the First Triumvirate by being foolish. He paved his may have acted on his instincts. This is an incredible feat, considering Cassias lead have let the conspiracy happen. Caesar was a very wise leader, which is another wise, generous, and UN-ambitious. He is undoubtedly the closest thing to a hero that Rome had. Caesar showed he wasnt ambitious by denying the crown, that he was spotting a snake. When Caesar died, he accepted it, because Brutes killed him. Rome

Health Provider and Faith Diversity Essay Example

Health Provider and Faith Diversity Essay Example Health Provider and Faith Diversity Essay Health Provider and Faith Diversity Essay Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Delia Stoica Grand Canyon University: HLT-310V February 4, 2012 Abstract The following paper describes three different religions: Judaism, Islam and Hinduism. It will detail the spiritual perspective on healing that all three of the faiths have. A description of what is important to their healing and what is important for the healthcare provider to know in caring for people of these faiths. Also there will be a summary of how these faiths differ from Christianity. Introduction The United States is known as a â€Å"melting pot†. This is due to all the different nationalities and faiths that are seen in our country. As healthcare providers we are faced with trying to understand all the different cultures we encounter on a daily basis in a hospital setting. There are many different faiths, some are well known such as Christianity and some are not quite so known such as Hinduism. Different faiths have different rules and regulations that they follow. Knowing all the intricate ins and outs of every religion is going to be impossible, but that should not stop someone from trying to learn all they can regarding the patients they are caring for. Everyone has probably heard of Judaism, Islam and Hinduism, but that does not mean that a nurse or physician would know all the things that would be different in regards to caring for patients of these different faiths. Hinduism Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world. There are six major philosophies in the Hindu religion. One of the major one is Vedanta. Vedanta teaches that â€Å" that mans real nature is divine, and that the aim of human life is to realize divinity through selfless work, devotion to God, control of the inner forces, and discrimination between the real and the unreal. It recognizes that Truth is one and accepts all religions, properly understood, as valid means of realizing the truth (Guidelines, 2002)†. Hindus believe that the body is just a vehicle for the soul, and that when the body dies the soul transfers to another body until it can finally get to be united with God. They recognize that death is a natural part of life and the true self does not die when the body dies. There are a lot of things that the religion accepts which are part of the Western medical practices. Seeking medical attention is something that Hindus will do, but they believe that Western medicines tends to overmedicate their patients, especially with antibiotics which could make them hesitant to start an aggressive treatment plan. Some people of this religion may practice Ayurvedo or homeopathy to cure some problems. This religion allows for blood transfusions and organ transplantation/donations. There is no rule against performing an autopsy if needed. Because this religion practices modesty, women may prefer to be examined by a physician of the same sex. Hindus are very social and family oriented. It is important that the family be involved in the treatment and care of the patient. Women of the Hindu religion wear a red dot on their forehead to symbolize that they are married, some also wear necklaces, bracelets or toe-rings, which are not to be taken off, this is something that needs to be considered if there is a need for a procedure such as an MRI that requires all metals to be removed. Men of this faith wear a â€Å"sacred thread† which is never supposed to be removed. Many Hindus are strict vegetarians and will not eat beef or beef products, if at all possible they should be allowed to bring food from home unless there is a dietary restriction. In situations where there is an end-of-life issue, family needs to be very involved. Hindus do not believe in artificially prolonging life and may prefer to die at home. Because Hindus practice cremation and it needs to be done within 24 hours of death it is critical that all the paperwork is in order quickly. Judaism Judaism is one of the oldest religions still around today. There are Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jewish followers. Orthodox Jews strictly follow all traditional laws of the religion. The faith holds medical practitioners in high regards and even may break some rules if medical experts believe that it may be life saving. Most Jewish people observe the Sabbath, which is from sundown on Friday to sundown on Saturday, in which they are not allowed to work. In this regard a Jewish patient would not be able to write, use the button for a PCA pump, drive or even turn on a light switch. As healthcare ractitioners we need to keep that in mind when caring for patients during this time. The food they eat is â€Å"kosher† foods, which means that there are special ways of preparing beef. Pork, fish and gelatin are not allowed and neither is beef and milk together. Care needs to be taken with preparation of these foods for these patients, as healthcare providers we need to keep in mind that this is not just an issue of them being picky but an extreme ly important part of their religion. Men in this religion may wear yarmulkes â€Å"skull caps† during prayer and some may wear it all the time (Handbook, 2000). We need to make allowances for up to 10 people in the room during prayer. When dealing with end-of-life issues there are deep debates regarding withholding or withdrawing of life-saving therapy and families may want to consult a rabbi before making any decisions. The Jewish faith requires that burials happen quickly after death and autopsies at not permitted unless required by law. There is a requirement that a family member or representative of the family remain with the body at all times after death until burial, and also that amputated limbs be available for burial. Islam The Islamic religion is slowly becoming one of the largest religions out there. People who follow the Islamic religion are known as Muslims. Islam believes are â€Å" that all events, including health events, are the will of God, Muslim patients may be more likely to display acceptance of difficult circumstances and be compliant with the instructions of health care providers (Healthcare Providers, 2010)†. It is believed that the preservation of life overrides all guidelines, rules and restrictions. This faith requires extreme modesty and for men all body parts between the naval and knees need to be covered, for woman all but the face, hands and feet should be covered at all times when in the presence of anyone outside their family. Muslims are required to pray five times a day on a prayer mat facing Mecca. Patients that are ill can be excused from prayer if it is medically deemed that it is detrimental to their health. Patients are required by their faith to perform ablution with water before prayers and after urination and defecation. Islamic rule is that you use your left hand for dirty and right hand for clean duties. Muslims will prefer to use their right hand to eat and as a healthcare provider if you are feeding a Muslim patient it is preferred that you also use your right hand. Islam has a very strict rule regarding consumption of certain foods. Foods that are not permitted include pork, or pork derivatives and alcohol or alcohol containing foods. This could be a problem when giving certain medication that contains pork or alcohol. Providers should be aware of the medication given to a patient that is Muslim in order for them to follow the halal diet. Islam sees death as a natural part of life. They do not require treatment to be provided if it will only prolong a terminal illness. During end-of-life care, families may want to pray with the patient at bedside. This religion forbids autopsies, unless required by law. In the Islamic faith, burial needs to happen as soon as possible after death. The body should be washed by a family member or representative of the family and not by hospital staff, the body also needs to be covered by a sheet and face Mecca if at all possible. Comparing and Contrasting The previous religions discussed all have certain rules that need to be followed when it comes to dealing with healthcare. Christianity in general does not put any restrictions on healthcare providers. Certain Christian faiths such as Jehovah’s Witnesses do not allow blood transfusions because they feel it is not part of their body. The three religions discussed feel that anything that can be done to safe the person should be done and that life is important. Interestingly enough Hinduism, Judaism and Islamic faiths all have restrictions on food that they deem unclean. The only Christian faiths that have restrictions on food are Catholics and Orthodox Christians, which do not eat meat during Passover. There are many differences between Christianity and other faiths and not too many similarities when it comes to healthcare. Conclusion In doing the research for this paper, there have been a lot of good points brought up in regards to taking care of patients that are of a different faith than myself. It is extremely important to me as a person and as a nurse to know who my patients are and what their beliefs and faiths are. In order to be able to take care of a patient, physically and emotionally we need to know the restrictions that we may face in our everyday dealings with them. Working in a hospital that sees an enormous amount of people from all over the world it is important to keep religion and culture in mind when providing care. Being able to do research and finding all the rules and requirements is a great educational tool to use and will make your patients more apt to trust you if they see that you understand where they are coming from. References Bennion, R. (2000). Handbook on cultural, spiritual and religious beliefs. South Devon Healthcare. Retrieved February 3, 2012 from www. e-radiography. net/nickspdf/Handbook%20on%20beliefs. pdf Guidelines for health care providers interacting with patients of the Hindu religion and their families. (2002). Metropolitan Chicago Healthcare Council. Retrieved February 3, 2012 from info. kyha. com/documents/CG-Hindu. pdf Healthcare providers handbook on Muslim patients. (2010). Queensland Health and Islamic Council of Queensland. Retrieved February 3, 2012 from health. qld. gov. au/multicultural/health_workers/hbook-muslim.

International Human Resource Management in context Essay

International Human Resource Management in context - Essay Example It will consider examples of various MNCs operating in different countries and will conclude with the outcome of the essay. Human Resource Management is a broad term for personnel policies, recruitment and staffing, training and development, redundancy and other broad issues involving the workforce of an organization. Human Resource Policies are influenced by internal and external policies of an organization. Internal policies include management style and degree of centralization. The culture of host and home countries comes in the external factors of the organization. Together with government policies, culture makes the most important factor influencing the human resource management policies of multinational organizations. The problem arises when a company operates in two countries one of which is developed and other is a developing organization. A company may have very strict recruitment and staffing policies of an organization. However, it may not be able to follow such stringent policies when operating in a developing country. Similarly, the Multinational Corporations may also not have luxury of having a high-level staff in the organization given that the culture of a developing country may not put too much focus on high level of education. This may lead the MNC to hire people that do not meet their criteria of recruitment and selection. This is one way the culture of a developing country may affect the MNC organization’s HRM policies (Amba-Rao, 1994). Apart from cultural difference, the legal environment of business dawns an important influence on the HRM practices. The studies done in the field state those legal requirements are the driving force of all managerial practices including Human Resource Policies in different parts of the world. Similarly, the culture, proficiency in foreign language, ability to follow foreign policies and having different objective from a job are all important factors that

Graduate reflection paper 1a Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Graduate reflection paper 1a - Essay Example In this way, they can enhance their own learning as well as enhance the development of their students. Different environments also help teachers learn about the needs of the adult learner and how they learn best. Another area that is important to understand is that of assessment, evaluation and the adaptation of materials for adult learners. Sometimes a teacher may run across some pertinent material in preparing for a class, that one wants to incorporate into the class. Sometimes the material can be adapted "as is," but most of the time, it must be adapted to fit the needs of the students and the teacher. The teacher must have developed the skills to easily integrate the information in order to be most effective. When students enter any type of training or educational pursuit, they bring with them a wealth of professional and personal experience. Some students are used to being in educational environments while others are the first from their families to enter college. There are many learning theories that assist in learning about teaching styles. Beginning theorists like B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov through their behaviorism gave an understanding of how to help adult learners learn when they are struggling. As an example, many students may struggle with a concept at work that needs to be done efficiently. Using the behavior theories, this concept can be broken down into smaller parts. This is one way that a lesson could be adapted for more than one type of learner. The cognitive theories are important to teaching and learning because they rely on an individuals internal stimuli to measure performance. For the adult learner who is attempting to move forward with their lives, the concepts of motivation, self-direction, decision making, problem solving, and learning to think in positive frameworks, are very important. These theories encourage teachers to understand how students learn. A central group of

Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Industry Essay - 1

Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Industry - Essay Example Also, the established confectionery manufacturers address the health noted health concerns through the production of new products. Most notable include low caloric confectionery, candy and specialty production of chocolate. According to the prevailing circumstances, the industry estimates an annual growth of 0.5% to $127.6 billion until the end of 2015. 1It also entails an estimated increase of approximately 2.0% in 2015 because of the stable chocolate and cocoa prices. The future of Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Company is poignant. It is anticipated the growth of the mature markets in Japan, United States, Australia and Europe shall remain slow through 2020. During the period, machinists will strive to shall promote product innovation to stimulate demand. On the contrary, newly industrialized nations such as Latin America, South East Asia, and Russia anticipate an increase in demand for the sugar and chocolate confectionery. Furthermore, the global market prices shall increase thus increasing the industry’s overall in this income. In this regard, the industry anticipates an annualized growth of 2.2% to $142.4 billion in the subsequent years until 2020.2 The firm operates in the mature stage of the life cycle. Its industry value added (IVA) is projected to lag behind the global GDP growth in the next ten years through to 2020. IVA quantifies a company’s contribution to the global economy. Thus, it designates maturity of the industry. In the same measure, IBIS World anticipates the business’s IVA shall rise to an annual level of 2.4% for the 10-year period. The growth is comparable to projected annual average growth of 3.5% for world GDP over the period. Even though the firm projects an increase in demand for candy and chocolate in developing countries, the declining demand for the product in mature markets shall hinder the overall expansion of the industry. The Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing

The Curriculum of Montessori

The Curriculum of Montessori As educators our role is to teach children through curriculum. Through the years many different types of curriculum have been created. Curriculum is defined as the learning programs, activities, school subjects, materials, plans, and topics of study (Arce). The Montessori Method was established over 100 yrs. ago and is still used in some form in todays class rooms. It is commonly associated with its popular child-size furniture in the classroom, but there is much more to Montessori Method as I will discuss detail later. The Montessori Method was created in Rome, Italy by Dr. Montessori in 1907. During this time period in the early 1900s the common age of children to start attending school was 6 yrs old. This age was determined based on the childs ability to walk and understand, or therefore deemed intelligent enough to go to school (Montessori, The Periods of Growth) . However, in the 1930s physiologists recognized that children become receptive to adult influences between the ages of 3-6 (Montessori, The Periods of Growth) . Just as it is known today children have a sensitive period for development and during this time it is more beneficial (Montessori, Education For Life) . The Montessori Method changed the focus then from how to teach children to meet the needs of the world, and focus on the child from their birth (Montessori, Education For Life). Under the Montessori Method the teachers task which was to the first thing to be done, therefore is to discover the true nature of a child and then assist him in his normal development (Arce). This is achieved through the different areas of learning; Practical Rife3 Life, Sensorial, Mathematics, Language and Literacy, Cultural Subjects, and Creative Subjects (ICME ). In most Montessori Schools the children are in vertical age groups 2 Â ½ years to 6 years, 6 to 9 years, 12 to 15 years, and 15 to 18 years (ICME ). The exercises of practical life teach the children the importance of maintaining a clean environment, cooking and the practical skills of buttoning, sewing, and lacing (ICME ). Next is the Sensorial, the education of the senses. This is considered to be one of more import lessons and is focused on children with special needs as well as typical children. The materials used are didactic materials and give special needs children opportunities to learn through the senses and it provokes auto-education in typical children (Montessori, Education of the Senses ). Exercises within this method include children learning to recognize the differences in dimensions by assorting various shapes and sizes of blocks (Montessori, Education of the Senses ). When a child selects the wrong size they are forced to correct it themselves. Once the child has accomplished this exercise with this specific material they then have outgrown it (Montessori, Education of the Senses ). The third area is Mathematics. The materials children use in mathematics are similar materials to that of which are used in sorting. In mathematics the materials are color coded rods, pegs and virtually anything that can be sorted or counted (Montessori, Teaching of Numeration; Introduction to Arithmetic ). The fourth area is language and literacy. In the Montessori curriculum the writing is focused on learning to draw lines and shapes that eventually lead to the children writing Rife4 (Montessori, Methods for the Teaching of Reading and Writing ) . Another exercise to teach writing skills involves the children tracing the letters through materials. One lesson I found fascinating was created for children to correct themselves by using sandpaper on the outside of the letter (Montessori, Description of the Method and Didactic Material Used ). In teaching children literacy they start with vowels and then constanants to teach letter recognition. The focus is on the sounds they make and pictures of object similar to the phonics system today (Montessori, Methods for the Teaching of Reading and Writing ). The fifth area is Cultural subjects. If you notice most Montessori schools are in environments with nature surroundings. Children are able to connect with nature by taking an active role in its care. The last area is Creative subjects which include arts and craft, drama, music and movement. In art children are encouraged to draw anything that pops into their minds. Looking at other creative materials, children are given the freedom to explore with clay and coloring materials. Music was another way for a child to express themselves. With the Montessori Method the children create their own instruments as well as music (Montessori, Education of the Senses ). In order for the Montessori Method to be effective in a classroom that encourages self-teaching and the freedom to move around the class and centers freely discipline is required. Self-discipline is taught to children through exercise, these exercises teach children instead of verbally commanding them to be quiet and still. Children learn these different actions by Rife5 sitting and getting up quietly, tip toeing and the use of objects quietly, and other exercises (Montessori, General Review of Discipline ). Montessori curriculum has advantages and disadvantage in comparisons to traditional classrooms. In a Montessori classrooms children are allowed and encouraged to experiment uninterrupted in centers for up to 3 hours opposed to a traditional classroom where the child sits at their seat a majority of the day and the teacher facilitates the lesson or they are only allowed an allotted time in centers. The teachers are to mainly observe the children and let them teach themselves and not force the child to learn. However, the disadvantages of Montessori curriculum are they dont follow traditional grade scales, but conduct evaluations throughout the school year (ICME ) . Lastly, the name Montessori isnt legally protected, so schools and the training they provide can vary and may not reflect Montessori Methods (International Montessori Index) . Regardless of the curriculum teachers choose it is still necessary for them adjust the curriculum to the needs of their students. Rife6

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The movie created by David Merrick as well as the novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, both entitled The Great Gatsby, ate truly two fine pieces of art. The movie version shows the viewer what is happening in the story without internal comments from the narrator and the viewer can understand exactly what is happening without any intellectual thought involved. The novel, however, challenges the reader to look deep inside the writing in order to grasp the true effect of the novel and what kind of meaning is being portrayed. The novel also challenges the reader’s creativity and imagination. It lets the reader explore the character’s personalities in their own special way and the reader can relate these personalities to real life. The novel also allows the reader more freedom that the move, in the way that it lets the reader shape their own opinions of the different characters. As a person watches the movie version, all the characters are laid out for them and every detail of the character is seen, yet in the novel the character is described fully and it is up to the reader’s imagination to picture what the character looks like as well as the emotions conveyed by this character in the novel. The novel version of The Great Gatsby is a definite piece of art and clearly challenges the reader both intellectually and imaginatively to understand the words that describe the character accurately. Therefore the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is still the best representation of the Romantic Hero and his American Dream, despite efforts by interpreters like David Merrick in his film version to "usurp" it, for the author challenges the reader’s imagination through his brilliant narrative technique, unforgettable characterization, and use of symbolism, so that Gatsby’s experience becomes everyone’s. The novel is told in the perspective of a single character, Nick Carraway. Nick is an innocent and simplistic character and when the story is conveyed through this type of character it usually is told truly, and without any outside influence from the other characters in the plot. Nick’s telling of the story is taken from his first hand accounts on how he sees the story unfold, straightforward and in the order that it occurs without confusion. Nick is a very moralistic man and his morals, and also his values, are positively genuine. His heart is filled with compassion, especially for Gatsby and the events that surrounded Gatsby’s death as he was one of three people that were at this great man’s funeral.

Analysis of a Copper Sulfate Sample Essay

The purpose of this experiment is to find the empirical formula of a hydrous copper sulfate sample and the amount of water in the sample. This whole process will be determined in three different experiments. Procedure: Experiment 1 – Percentage of water in sample. The percentage of water in hydrous copper sulfate was determined. Clean, dry and weight the crucible then add sample of hydrous copper sulfate and reweigh crucible. Heat the sample until it becomes white, which indicates that the water was removed. Let the crucible cool, then reweigh. Repeat until there is a constant temperature. Experiment 2 – Percentage of copper in water in sample. Next the percentage of copper in the hydrous copper sulfate needs to be determined. Clean the glassware then get four 50 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 25 mL of the stock solution and aqueous solvent. Prepare all the unknown sample solutions for determining Beer’s Law Graph. Turn on colorimeter at 100% T then calibrate. Get the data and analyze it if it is correct. Experiment 3 – Percentage of sulfate in sample. Weight out the sample and dissolve it. Heat it and then slowly add the precipitating agent. Heat it for about 30 minutes while assembling the filtering device. Heat the aluminum pan with the filter, cool and then weigh it. Filter out barium sulfate solution, dry out filter and weight the sample and filter. Heat and weigh repeating until it is constant. Discussion and Errors: The main error that occurred was that my partner and I entered the wrong numbers in the Concentration section resulting in incorrect data. We put the incorrect concentration levels and we had no time to correct it. Everything in the calculation of the empirical formula came out precise though, with such little error. My highest error percent was Water with 1.5% which could have just been that I didn’t burn it enough.

The Battle at Issus

The Battle at Issus Alexander the Great fought the Battle at Issus soon after the Battle at the Granicus. Like his father Philip, the glory-seeking Alexander aimed to conquer the Persian Empire. Although greatly outnumbered, Alexander was a better tactician. The battle was bloody, Alexander suffered a thigh wound, and the Pinarus River was said to have run red with blood. Despite the injury and the steep cost in human lives, Alexander won the Battle at Issus. Alexanders Opponents After the recent Battle at the Granicus, Memnon was given command of all Persian forces in Asia Minor. Had the Persians followed his advice at Granicus, they might have won and stopped Alexander in time. In Upset at Issus (Military History Magazine), Harry J. Maihafer says Memnon was not only astute militarily, but doled out bribes. A Greek, Memnon almost persuaded Sparta to back him. As Greeks, the Spartans should have been expected to support Alexander, but not all Greeks preferred rule by Alexander to rule by the king of Persia. Macedonia was still Greeces conqueror. Because of mixed Greek sympathies, Alexander hesitated to continue his eastward expansion, but then he sliced the Gordian Knot and took the omen as urging him on.​ The Persian King Believing he was on the right track, Alexander pressed on his Persian campaign. A problem emerged, Alexander learned he had come to the attention of the Persian king. King Darius III was at Babylon, moving towards Alexander, from his capital at Susa, and gathering troops en route. Alexander, on the other hand, was losing them: he may have had as few as 30,000 men. Alexanders Illness Alexander became seriously ill at Tarsus, a city in Cilicia that would later become the capital of that Roman province. While recovering, Alexander sent Parmenio to capture the harbor town of Issus and watch for Darius approach into Cilicia with his perhaps 100,000 men. [Ancient sources say the Persian army had much more.] Faulty Intelligence When Alexander recovered sufficiently, he rode to Issus, deposited the sick and wounded, and traveled on. Meanwhile, Darius troops gathered in the plains east of the Amanus Mountains. Alexander led some of his troops to the Syrian Gates, where he expected Darius to pass, but his intelligence was flawed: Darius marched across another pass, to Issus. There the Persians mutilated and captured the debilitated people Alexander had left behind. Worse, Alexander was cut off from most of his troops. Darius crossed the mountain range by what are called the Amanic Gates, and advancing towards Issus, came without being noticed to the rear of Alexander. Having reached Issus, he captured as many of the Macedonians as had been left behind there on account of illness. These he cruelly mutilated and slew. Next day he proceeded to the river Pinarus.- Arrian Major Battles of Alexanders Asian Campaigns Battle Prep Alexander quickly led the men who had traveled with him back to the main body of the Macedonians and sent out scouting horsemen to learn exactly what Darius was up to. At the reunion, Alexander rallied his troops and prepared for battle the following morning. Alexander went to a mountaintop to offer sacrifices to the presiding gods, according to Curtius Rufus. Darius enormous army was on the other side of the Pinarus River, stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to foothills in an area too narrow to give an advantage to his numbers: [A]nd that the deity was acting the part of general on their behalf better than himself, by putting it into the mind of Darius to move his forces from the spacious plain and shut them up in a narrow place, where there was suffficient room for themselves to deepen their phalanx by marching from front to rear, but where their vast multitude would be useless to the enemy in the battle.- Arrian Major Battles of Alexanders Asian Campaigns The Fighting Parmenio was in charge of the those of Alexanders troops deployed to the seaside of the battle line. He was enjoined not to let the Persians get around them, but to bend back, if necessary, and stick to the sea. First, upon the right wing near the mountain he placed his infantry guard and the shield-bearers, under the command of Nicanor, son of Parmenio; next to these the regiment of Coenus, and close to them that of Perdiccas. These troops were posted as far as the middle of the heavy-armed infantry to one beginning from the right. On the left wing first stood the regiment of Amyntas, then that of Ptolemy, and close to this that of Meleager. The infantry on the left had been placed under the command of Craterus; but Parmenio held the chief direction of the whole left wing. This general had been ordered not to abandon the sea, so that they might not be surrounded by the foreigners, who were likely to outflank them on all sides by their superior numbers.- Arrian Major Battles of Alexanders Asian Campaigns Alexander stretched his troops parallel to the Persian forces: Fortune was not kinder to Alexander in the choice of the ground, than he was careful to improve it to his advantage. For being much inferior in numbers, so far from allowing himself to be outflanked, he stretched his right wing much further out than the left wing of his enemies, and fighting there himself in the very foremost ranks, put the barbarians to flight.Plutarch, Life of Alexander Alexanders Companion Cavalry headed across the river where they faced the Greek mercenary forces, veterans and some of the best of the Persian army. The mercenaries saw an opening in Alexanders line and rushed in. Alexander moved to gain the Persians flank. This meant the mercenaries needed to fight in two places at once, which they couldnt do, and so the battle tide soon turned. When Alexander spotted the royal chariot, his men raced towards it. The Persian king fled, followed by others. The Macedonians tried but were unable to overtake the Persian king. The Aftermath At Issus, Alexanders men rewarded themselves richly with Persian loot. Darius women at Issus were frightened. At best they could expect to become the concubine of a high-status Greek. Alexander reassured them. He told them not only was Darius still alive, but they would be kept safe and honored. Alexander kept his word and has been honored for this treatment of the women in Darius family. Sources Upset at Issus, by Harry J. Maihafer. Military History Magazine Oct. 2000.Jona Lendering - Alexander the Great: Battle at the IssusAlexanders Sacrifice dis praesidibus loci before the Battle of Issus, by J. D. Bing. Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 111, (1991), pp. 161-165. The Generalship of Alexander, by A. R. Burn. Greece Rome (Oct. 1965), pp. 140-154.

Positive learning enviroment Essay Example

Positive learning enviroment Essay Example Positive learning enviroment Essay Positive learning enviroment Essay To be effective in analyzing and evaluating strategies I will require to establish and maintain a positive learning environment (PEEL) within my lessons, I will first establish what constitutes a PEEL through my own understanding including further research. I will then go on to analyses and evaluate the strategies I will use, focusing on the overarching ideas of behavior management (MM) and expectations, safety and assessment. I will link these to the Teachers Standards (TTS) throughout. A PEEL, echoing the words of Jacques and Holland (2007,104), has attractive displays based on hillsides work is tidy has a purposeful atmosphere when children are working promotes children self esteem. This is by no means a definitive list explaining how to create a PEEL, but addresses the important strategies I will use to create a PEEL and discuss throughout this essay. Behavior for learning (FL) must be addressed when discussing how to create a PEEL. Both are high on the agenda of myself as a trainee teacher, the government and teaching unions. The government has given the role of shaping FL to the head teacher of individual schools who is required by the Department for Education (UDF) (2014, 4) to produce a school behavior policy effective as a strategy for establishing and maintaining a PEEL, which sets out procedures to promote good behavior, self-discipline and respect prevent bullying ensure that pupils complete assigned work and which regulate the conduct of pupils. These concepts must be included within each schools behavior policy to create an established expectation of behavior within the school. Looking at the behavior policy of Twofold Junior School (TTS), the school motto is Be proud to shine (TTS, 014,2), this has been developed by the children into a code of conduct summarized by the words Learn, Safe, Happy, Respectful (TTS, 2014, 2), echoing the requirements from the UDF for FL. The TTS behavior policy is vast and encompasses an amalgamation of ideas including behavior management and expectations, reward systems and inappropriate behavior management which will equip me as a trainee teacher to establish and maintain a PEEL within my lessons. Teaching unions to an extent, agree with the concepts outlined above from the UDF. Their interest in FL also aligns itself with the protection of pupils learning and teachers careers. In the National Union for Teachers charter Learning to Behave A Charter for Schools (no date,3) Any behavior that prejudices teaching and learning within schools is unacceptable For some teachers it can be the trigger for leaving the profession. Young people who exhibit unacceptable behavior diminish their own chances as well as those of their peers. Thinking how FL must be established through a government led school behavior policy and how it affects the Jobs of teachers, pupils and their learning through teaching unions it becomes clear how FL must first be established before a PEEL can exist. This is why I will begin with addressing BUM and expectations for a PEEL within this essay. In accordance with TTS of the Teachers Standards (TTS), teachers are to Manage behavior effectively to ensure a good and safe learning environment (UDF,2011,12). Therefore BUM as a strategy for a PEEL is of utmost importance. TATS highlights the need for clear rules and routines accordance with the school behavior policy (UDF,2011,12) rules and routines create and shape the learning environment the way I want it to be. Having experienced how classrooms operate with and without a set rules and routines those with established lassoer rules having a quicker and more resolute way of dealing with inappropriate behavior I understand their need as a BUM tool within the classroom. I have also found through covering classes with a set of classroom rules on the wall, when asking the pupils my expectation of their behavior, they are quick and well equipped to respond. I will begin my teacher training creating a set of rules and routines with the pupils in agreement with Cicadas and Overall (1998,199) that Routines will work better if there is a shared and agreed understanding about them better if the children have helped to set them up. Through creating a set of rules and routines with my pupils, there will be a classroom behavior expectation which reflects the school behavior policy, promotes positive behavior and a feeling of security for the children of what to expect and what my expectations as a teacher are of them. As per Toss behavior policy Children know the consequence of breaking the rules TESTS supports this process which will encourage children to take a responsible and conscientious attitude to their own work and study (UDF,2011 , 10) to own their behavior. Classroom rules and routines are extremely useful to maintain PEEL they have been constructed together and can be referred back to throughout the year to reinforce positive behavior. BUM strategies to aid and enforce classroom rules and routines are in great supply from differing praise and rewards systems, to strategies of dealing with inappropriate behavior which are vital in constructing FL and a PEEL. TTS has a long list in its behavior policy to support BUM rewarding positive behavior includes merit marks, stickers, golden time and many more which I can utilize as strategies for FL for a PEEL. I have observed one strategy use throughout Year 3 at TTS of the brick move which highlights good and inappropriate behavior. It is a BUM strategy, which leads to golden time on a Friday afternoon where children can play with toys and sports equipment of their choice a reward for working hard throughout the week. The brick move reward strategy is similar to that of a traffic light system using more Jumps from start to finish. This strategy can be used in a number of ways, moves forward for correct behavior expectations and praising courteous behavior as expressed in TATS, but also moves backwards to highlight inappropriate behavior. One of the most effective uses I have seen and used of the brick move strategy is its use for positive discipline and reinforcement of behavior. Toss behavior policy for dealing with incidences of inappropriate behavior includes tactically ignore, acknowledge on-task behavior and privately and openly encourage positive behavior (TTS,2014,4) all focus on deferring negative behavior and reinforcing positive behavior through a brick move. I have used this within classes, rewarding the pupils showing expected behavior and have found it very effective as a BUM tool. I know positive discipline is a fantastic aid to establishing and maintaining both BAL and a PEEL and agree with Rogers, positive discipline isomer than ones use of language it is about creating the best environment and social climate for teaching and learning. (Rogers ,2007,52). The TTS state the classroom should be a safe and stimulating environment for pupils, rooted in mutual respect (UDF,2011,10). Teeming with ideas, this extract requires breaking down into three parts safety, stimulation and respect. I will address these in the next paragraphs to discuss strategies I will use to create a PEEL. Abraham Mascots Theory of Human Motivation (1943) is an influential theory when thinking about the importance of safety within a classroom to establish a PEEL. Mason spoke about a hierarchy of needs required by humans to succeed in fulfilling their potential something which has been debated time again by those working in schools. Mason states There are at least five sets of goals, which we may call basic needs. These are briefly physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self- actualization. (Mason,1943). It is widely agreed that Mascots basic needs must be met for a PEEL to be established, children learn more effectively when they feel better bout being in this group and coping with this work, when fundamental needs are being met. (Rogers,1998,226). Greenhorns discusses strategies for a safe atmosphere within schools in his publication The classics are hard to beat (2012), including, clear expectations around behavior, supported by consistent sanctions. I have already discussed BUM through rules and routines these are also fundamental to feel safe children know what to expect, therefore feel secure. Its also necessary for children to know what to expect from myself as a teacher, It is important for teachers of all ages ND experience to be clear about exactly who they errand what they expect from their pupils. (Dixie,2007,8). When I first covered classes, I didnt introduce myself or state any expectations of rules or behavior BUM was difficult and I was inconsistent with it I know the children didnt feel they were in a safe or secure environment. Through observing lessons, it became clear an established expectation and consistency from teachers was expected by the children this is what I will aim to project throughout my teacher training, Young people want certainty from the adults in their lives. They need you to create and enforce boundaries to give them a feeling of security. (Cooley,2010,9). Creating a safe environment within a classroom to establish a PEEL requires using the strategy of inclusion. Inclusion provides a feeling of safety and security through the idea that children feel comfortable in the knowledge that as a teacher I will ensure that they have full access to the curriculum, Lessons should be planned to ensure that there are no barriers to every pupil achieving As a teacher, I am required to ensure Inclusion means enabling pupils to participate in the life and work of mainstream institutions to the est. of their abilities, whatever their needs (Dixie,2011 , 14), which suggests to create a PEEL inclusion must be linked with differentiation to create a safe environment. Differentiation maintains ITS B children are challenged within their own abilities and I should set high expectations for every pupil and plan stretching work for pupils whose attainment is significantly above the expected standard (UDF,2013,8). Inclusion and differentiation as strategies to establish a PEEL is a huge and varied group of ideas, from SEEN to GET children, deploying support staff effectively through focus roofs and one-to-one help as needed by ATSC, they are key tools which will able me to create a PEEL through engaging appropriate support systems. I will address ideas of stimulation within the classroom within the next paragraphs. As explored earlier, its important for children to feel safe and secure within a classroom to establish a PEEL my classroom will need to be a space that provides pupils with adequate light, heat and seating space and the opportunity to drink fluids, will hellhole pupils feel safe, secure, happy and ready to learn. This refers to Mascots idea that Asia needs of a person must be met a PEEL established, before they can fulfill their potential. The layout of a classroom is also important for BUM to create FL and a PEEL throughout wider reading I know there are many ways to structure a classroom I have thought about all as a strategy to create a PEEL and believe putting desks in groups in my Year 3 training year will be most effective. I will use rewards systems through table points, differentiate levels and set targets more effectively by grouping children of a similar ability together I will also be arranging my classroom so that I can get to ACH student quickly and easily without disturbing or moving others. Positive stimulation for a PEEL also comes through the effective use of displays within a classroom they are an invaluable tool and strategy for a teacher to promote positive messages that can be transmitted through the medium of effective collapsibility. (Dixie,2011 ,31). Classroom displays, if used effectively, suggest to pupils academic ideals, a positive attitude towards work and a reinforcement of an authority of rules, they can as TESTS states Encourage pupils to take a responsible and conscientious attitude to their own work and study (UDF,2011 , 10). Displaying established classroom rules and routines will provide me as a trainee teacher, a tool and strategy to refer back to throughout the course of the year to ensure positive FL to maintain a PEEL. Stimulation within the classroom is also created through displays of children work by putting their work up on the wall I will be displaying exemplary work to be followed, bettered and create high expectations which children want to attain as per ITS. I will be setting targets for them to aspire to where They feel valued, they feel a sense of belonging, which in turn makes them feel happier about school. A happy child is a child who is less likely to cause disruption. (Dunn,2012,49), therefore a valuable strategy to create and maintain FL and a PEEL. Respect is the final part of the extract from the TTS I will look at, the idea that The development of a positive classroom climate depends on this relationship being two-way, your respect for pupils should be reciprocated in their respect for you, (Caribou,1998,70). Respect must be mutual for a PEEL to exist, as per DOTS At its heart, good behavior management is about good teacher/student relationships. I know as a teacher I am required to be knowledgeable about my students as stated by TESTS wrought educational means by having appropriate expectations and planning the correct level of work, but also understanding that behavior always has a reason and is quite often routed in the history of the child. I also believe that respect leads to a PEEL through consistent and fair teaching which takes us back to BUM and children knowing what to expect and what the teachers expectations are. Establishing a PEEL through respect should also be taught in the classroom, Students have to learn to accept that they are responsible for their behavior and its effect on others and the classroom environment. Rogers ,2008,153). Through being a respectful classroom, you can see that FL becomes positive, which in turn creates a PEEL. To close, I will address the idea of maintaining a PEEL through utilizing assessment effectively. Formative assessment as a strategy for PEEL can be seen in learning objectives, learning expectations, targets and many other means. Formative assessment links Joins the idea that in creating high expectations for pupils, a PEEL will be established as set out in ITS and the National Curriculum Teachers should use appropriate assessment to set targets which are deliberately ambitious. Targets also help your less able children feel a sense of achievement. (Cooley,2010,50) thus embedding the concept of a PEEL. As set out in ATSC, formative assessment can be used as a strategy to guide pupils to reflect on the progress they have made (UDF,2011,10). Both self, peer and teacher assessment through feedback, are amazing tools to create a PEEL through giving the responsibility of learning to the children, therefore Mascots idea that the creation of self esteem (through assessment) as a basic need allows children to fulfill their potential, The need to foster pupils self-esteem as learners is monumental to establishing a positive classroom climate, (Caribou,2008,73), therefore, The purpose of self- and peer-assessment is to help children to have a better understanding of assessment and therefore what constitutes progress and success.

Toyota - Technological Environment Forum 4 Research Paper

Toyota - Technological Environment Forum 4 - Research Paper Example Toyota and its business in the Northern America based on the technology aims at fueling efficiency as far as yearly financial articulation is of concern. However, Toyota in Northern America has plenty of both hard and soft technology for one to articulate as far as domestic environment is of concern. To start with, the company has got some of the hard technologies in domestic environment which includes aircraft, security system as well as safety gear. More so, management, government regulations that oversees procedural activities of a given company and employees training are some of the core soft domestic technology as far as Toyota Company based in the Northern United States of America is taken into account. Hard and soft domestic technology is a technique for arranging innovation by its ecological and social effect. It has a few likenesses to high/low innovation dualism, despite the fact that it is not synonymous. Hard engineering by and large alludes to elevated amount innovation that would have an expansive effect on a low-innovation group as well as biological system were it to be executed. Aircraft, security system and safety gear sort of Toyota Hard domestic technologies examples are generally utilized by air Line Company. Different elements on the won domestic environmental technology executed by Toyota organization have extensive impact in characterizing how suitable an innovation is for a given circumstance. for instance, hard engineering, which frequently obliges exceedingly particular laborers, specialists and designers to construct and keep up it, might be exceptionally suitable to a circumstance in the Northern America, where the individuals utilizing it can likely pay for masters. Yet the same innovation in the underdeveloped nations is likely not suitable, as the masters needed to keep up it would be elusive, and

American History between 1820-1920 Research Paper

American History between 1820-1920 - Research Paper Example The paper shall analyze aspects related to art and culture, business and economy, books and literature and immigration and migration (Barney). 1820-1830: This decade holds immense significance because it marked the start of a new era in politics. It was the decade of growth as a country and progress in politics. The decade saw the formation of the democratic and the national republican parties. Furthermore, it was also famous for being the time when the first woman was nominated for the presidency. There was progress in fields of art, literature, and the economy during this period as well. Economic and Business Activities: The federal land law was passed in 1820, which led to expansion into new territories as settlers could now purchase 80 acres of land for $1.25/acre. Enormous advancements in trade routes including rail lines and river routes helped the expansion of trade and commerce between new territories and established communities. The decade also saw the growth of gateway citi es such as Cincinnati, New Orleans, and Chicago providing urban markets that tied the new territories to the Atlantic states. Art and Architecture: The 1820s saw the starting of the revival of the American Greek style and federal style of art. The statue of George Washington was sculptured by an Italian named Antonio Canova. The widespread demand for portraiture helped sustain American art. The wealthy valued portraits and spent sums of money on them. Some of the beneficiaries of this spending spree included Gilbert Stuart and Thomas Sully (Barney). Books and Literature: Irving and Cooper were the most revered literary individuals of the decade. The readers grew in pride during the decade, which was a major reason why Cooper’s literature became popular. A good illustration of the love affair for that form of literature is the novel American Hero which sets America as an individual country, culturally different from England. The romantic treatment of Indians was another famous and loved literary theme of the decade (Jones). Immigration and Migration: The province of Tejas in Mexico saw the formation of the first Anglo American settlement in the aftermath of the panic of 1819. The federal government began the practice of collecting statistics of immigration by 1820 and estimates suggest that 151,000 new residents entered the United States during this decade. The majority of these residents hailed from the British Isles followed by individuals from Germany. The surge in foreign born residents had an impact on American politics. The democrats, who were considered to be friendly towards immigrants, gained an upper hand with the same (Jones). 1830-1840: This decade saw the passing of laws that granted married women the right to own property. Books of immense prominence and legacy were printed, included Book of Mormon and Nature. Texas gained independence from Mexico and several other events occurred that made this decade one of immense importance in Americaâ €™s History (Rozek). Arts and Architecture: The Hudson River artists continued to grow. These artists included Thomas Cole, George Innes and Thomas Doughty. The fancy chairs also emerged as 8200 American makers created fancy chairs in Robert Adam, Sheraton, Directoire and Empire styles. The decade also saw the inception of the idea of the Grace Church by James Renwick (Athearn). Economy and Business: The steamboats were introduced during the decade as goods travelling to the west of St. Louis were